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Hoppers

Breads, Flatbreads and Savory Pastries

Hoppers, also called appam in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, are a thin, bowl shaped pancake of South Indian and Sri Lankan cuisine made from a fermented batter of rice and coconut milk. They are traditionally cooked in an appachatti, a small, deep, wok shaped pan, which shapes the batter into a thin crisp edge and a soft, spongy center as it cooks. The dish has ancient roots, mentioned in classical Tamil Sangam literature in works such as the Perumpanarruppatai, and its recipe is said to have remained largely unchanged for centuries. Hoppers are most often served for breakfast or dinner, typically alongside a vegetable or egg curry.

Facts
Disputed
Origin Period, From (Year)
from 300 BCE 2
Sourced to the subject's own accountMarks the traditional wide start of the Sangam literary period in which appam is first mentioned by name (food historian K.T. Achaya, citing Sangam era poems describing appam sold in ancient Madurai). Most scholars place the whole Sangam period between 300 BCE and 300 CE, Zvelebil narrows it to 100 BCE to 250 CE, and recent Keeladi based archaeology proposes a start nearer 600 BCE, all disputed, so this is only the traditional broad edge, not a settled date for the dish itself.
Origin Period, To (Year)
to 300 2
Sourced to the subject's own accountMarks the traditional wide close of the same Sangam literary period referenced for origin-start-year, not a claim the dish itself ended: hoppers remain a living, continuously prepared dish today. The same scholarly disagreement over the periods bounds applies here as at the start.
Classification
Dietary SuitabilitySourced to the subject's own account
Contains Dairy or Egg 1
Origin RegionSourced to the subject's own account
Tamil Nadu and Kerala in South India, and Sri Lanka 1
Connections

In Cuisine

Uses Ingredient

Coconut, Ingredients
Rice, Ingredients
Sources
1. Hoppers (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia
  • lead section
    It is a popular dish in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, as well as Sri Lanka.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appam (dietary-suitability)
    It is made with fermented rice batter and coconut milk, traditionally cooked in an appachatti, a deep pan similar in shape to a wok.
View the Source
2. Sangam Literature (Wikipedia)
Wikipediadating section
Quote, dating section
Most scholars suggest the historical Sangam literature era, also called the Sangam period, spanned from c. 300 BCE to 300 CE
View the Source
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