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Yerba Mate

YER-bah MAH-teh; in Rioplatense Spanish the initial sound often shifts toward SHER-bah MAH-teh
Also Known As Mate; Yerba Mate; Erva-Mate (Portuguese); Chimarrao (unsweetened hot preparation, chiefly Brazil); Cimarron (Argentine/Spanish equivalent); Terere (cold-water preparation)
Tea and Tea Drinks

Yerba mate is a caffeinated infusion brewed from the dried, roasted leaves of Ilex paraguariensis, an evergreen holly relative native to the Parana River basin. The dried leaf is packed into a hollowed gourd, also called a mate, covered with hot water, and drunk through a metal straw called a bombilla with a strainer at its submerged end. Guarani and neighboring Kaingang peoples used the plant as a stimulant and social drink before European contact, and Spanish colonists and criollos adopted it after encountering the Guarani in the sixteenth century, with Jesuit missions cultivating it commercially by the seventeenth century. The same gourd of yerba is refilled with hot water many times over a sitting and is typically shared, one gourd and one straw, around a circle of drinkers.

Facts
Origin Period, From (Year)
from 1550 1
Marks the documented start of Spanish and criollo contact with Guarani mate-drinking; Guarani use of the plant itself is described as pre-Columbian in the secondary literature but has no securely dated archaeological origin.
Origin Period, To (Year)
to 1700 1
Jesuit mission commercial cultivation of yerba mate, well documented by the seventeenth century.
Origin Region
The tri-border area of present-day northeast Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil, homeland of the Guarani and neighboring Kaingang peoples 2
Connections

Expresses Tradition

Source Mate (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
In the Other Atlases

Originated In

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.

Source Yerba Mate: The Drink that Shaped a Nation (ReVista, Harvard DRCLAS)tier 1

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.

Source Yerba Mate: The Drink that Shaped a Nation (ReVista, Harvard DRCLAS)tier 1

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.

Source Yerba Mate: The Drink that Shaped a Nation (ReVista, Harvard DRCLAS)tier 1
Sources
1. Yerba Mate: The Drink that Shaped a Nation (ReVista, Harvard DRCLAS)
ReVista, Harvard University David Rockefeller Center for Latin American StudiesSecond paragraph, definition of mate
Quote, Second paragraph, definition of mate
Mate involves the processed leaves of the plant Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate), the gourd that is used to drink it (mate), and the practice of sipping the infusion from a metallic or wooden straw, which has a sieve at its bottom to avoid sucking the yerba mate’s leaves and stems.
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2. Mate (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
Encyclopaedia Britannica
  • Introduction
    mate, tealike beverage, popular in many South American countries, brewed from the dried leaves of an evergreen shrub or tree (Ilex paraguariensis) related to holly.
  • Expresses Tradition: Mate Culture
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