Mezze, also spelled meze, is an array of small savory dishes, dips, salads and hot items served together and shared communally; in Lebanon and Cyprus especially it often constitutes an entire meal rather than a prelude to one. It is practiced across the Levant and more broadly the eastern Mediterranean, Turkey, Greece and the Balkans, and food historians understand it as defined by the act of communal sharing rather than by any single dish. The Oxford Companion to Food traces the word to the Persian maza, meaning taste or relish, describing an ancient Persian wine culture in which tart fruits such as pomegranates, quinces and citrons were served to offset unripe wine, later expanded to nuts and small roasted meats. Britannica's food entries describe meze as commonly paired with a drink such as arak or raki, with the number and variety of dishes offered read as a sign of a host's generosity.
Facts
Disputed
Origin RegionAncient Persia, with mezze's spread into the Levant and the wider Ottoman-controlled eastern Mediterranean undated in the sources consulted 1 No specific start or end year for mezze's origin or diffusion was found in any reputable source consulted; presented as ancient Persian in origin per the Oxford Companion to Food, spreading through Ottoman channels at an unspecified later date. Following this atlas's own precedent on Salt: an unfixable date is refused, not invented, so origin-start-year and origin-end-year are left unset for this entity. Mezze
Filter Results5 entries
FAQs
Where does mezze actually come from?
The sources disagree. One account traces the custom of serving small shared dishes with drink to the Byzantine Empire and later Ottoman Greek households; a separate account traces the word itself further back, to ancient Persia.
Mezze is an array of small savory dishes, dips, salads and hot items served together and shared communally, practiced across the Levant, Turkey, Greece, Cyprus and the wider Mediterranean, and in Lebanon and Cyprus it often stands in for a whole meal rather than a prelude to one. Its origin is genuinely debated rather than settled. One account holds that the custom of serving small dishes with drink dates to medieval times, with the meze tradition beginning in the Byzantine Empire and developing further in Ottoman Greek houses and taverns. A separate account, from the scholar Ayla Algar, locates the origin of the word itself further back, in ancient Persia, where meze may originally have consisted of fruits before nuts and roasted meat were added to the spread. Both accounts are recorded on this entity as a genuine dissent rather than a single settled answer, and the specific century the custom began in is recorded as an open question rather than guessed.
Connections
Expressed By
Source Baba Ghanoush (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia, Bissara
Source Bouyiourdi (Wikipedia)
Source Ful Medames (Wikipedia)
Source Gigantes plaki (Wikipedia)
Source Iraqi Cuisine (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia: Manakish
Source Moussaka (Wikipedia)
Source Syrian Cuisine (Wikipedia)
Source Taktouka (Wikipedia)
Source Tirokafteri (Wikipedia)
Open Questions
Source Mezze (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases
Originated In
Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject originated.
Source The Oxford Companion to FoodAlan Davidsontier 1
Sources
1. The Oxford Companion to Food
Alan Davidson, Oxford University Press, 2014Mezze entry, Persian etymology sentenceQuote, Mezze entry, Persian etymology sentence
An interesting word which came originally from the Persian maza, meaning 'taste, relish'.
Appetizer (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
Encyclopaedia Britannicaarticle body, appetizer-traditions paragraphQuote, article body, appetizer-traditions paragraph
The Scandinavian smorgasbord, Spanish tapas, Greek meze, Egyptian mazza, and Russian zakuska are all elaborate appetizer displays offering many dishes, with traditional beverage counterpoints, e.g., vodka or sherry.
Mezze (Wikipedia)
WikipediaEtymology and origins section, Ayla Algar sentence
Ayla Algar locates the possible the origins of the word in ancient Persia, where, before nuts and roasted meat were added to the spread, meze may originally have consisted of fruits such as pomegranates, quinces, and citrons to counterbalance the bitterness of unripe wine.
Etymology and origins section, Byzantine-origin sentence
The custom of serving small dishes with alcohol dates back to medieval times. The meze tradition began in the Byzantine Empire and developed in Ottoman Greek houses and tavernes.
View the Source Moussaka (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Moussaka, Article bodyQuote, Expressed By: Moussaka, Article body
It may be served cold as a mezze dish, or hot.
Ful Medames (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Ful Medames, Article bodyQuote, Expressed By: Ful Medames, Article body
is an Arab breakfast mezze favorite
Wikipedia: Manakish
Expressed By: Manakish, Article bodyQuote, Expressed By: Manakish, Article body
It is also served as part of a mezze, or as a snack with a glass of mint tea and feta cheese on the side.
Wikipedia, Bissara
Expressed By: Bissara, Article bodyQuote, Expressed By: Bissara, Article body
In Egypt, bissara is eaten exclusively as a dip for bread, and is served for breakfast, as a meze, or more rarely, for lunch or dinner.
Balila (dish) (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Balila, Lead sectionQuote, Expressed By: Balila, Lead section
It is served as a hot mezze dish.
Taktouka (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Taktouka, Article bodyQuote, Expressed By: Taktouka, Article body
It is prepared in a form of a mezze, together with other dishes.
Baba Ghanoush (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Baba Ghanoush, LeadQuote, Expressed By: Baba Ghanoush, Lead
It is a typical meze (starter) of the regional cuisine
Iraqi Cuisine (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Iraqi Cuisine, HistoryQuote, Expressed By: Iraqi Cuisine, History
Mezza is a selection of appetizers or small dishes often served with a beverage
Bouyiourdi (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Bouyiourdi, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Bouyiourdi, lead paragraph
Bouyiourdi (Greek: Μπουγιουρντί) or bouyourdi is a Greek meze.
Piyaz (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Piyaz, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Piyaz, lead paragraph
Piyaz (Turkish: piyaz, Persian: پیاز, Kurdish: pivaz, piyaz for "onion" or salad) is a bean salad or meze in Turkish cuisine and Persian cuisine that is made from any kind of boiled beans with raw onion, parsley and sumac.
Tirokafteri (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Tirokafteri, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Tirokafteri, lead paragraph
It is commonly eaten as part of a mezze platter, or by itself, with slices of warm pita bread.
Gigantes plaki (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Gigantes plaki, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Gigantes plaki, lead paragraph
Gigantes plaki may be served as a main dish or as a meze.
Syrian Cuisine (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Syrian Cuisine, Wikipedia article textQuote, Expressed By: Syrian Cuisine, Wikipedia article text
Selections of appetizers known as mezze are customarily served along with Arabic bread before the Syrian meal's main course, which is followed by coffee, with sweet confections or fruits at will.
Gogges (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Gogges, Lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Gogges, Lead paragraph
For Tiriní, they are served as a snack or meze with oil and mizithra, though at other times of the year, they are served as a main dish.
Open Questions (1 open question)
In what specific century or decade did the mezze custom of serving small dishes with drink begin?
Wikipedia's own history section places the origin only as "medieval times," specifically crediting Byzantine Greek and later Ottoman Greek households and tavernes, with no century or decade named. The word meze itself is traced further back, to Ancient Persia, but that is an etymology claim about the WORD, not a dated claim about when the small-dish PRACTICE began; the two should not be conflated into one number.
What would resolve this A dated primary source, a household account, monastic record, market regulation or archaeological find, that places the small-dish-with-drink custom in a specific century within the broad medieval Byzantine window, rather than the general "medieval times" description current secondary sources give.
Culinary and social historyMezze (Wikipedia)
Dissenting Readings (1 dissenting reading)
Origin Region
Doğan (2025) locates meze's origin in the Byzantine Empire, developed further in Ottoman Greek houses and taverns, a distinct account from Ayla Algar's placement of the dish and word's roots in ancient Persia already on record for this entity's origin-region fact.
A dissenting reading, from Murat Doğan (Discover Food, 2025)Mezze (Wikipedia), Wikipedia
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