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Negroni

Cocktails and Mixed Drinks

The negroni is an Italian cocktail made from equal parts gin, sweet red vermouth and Campari, typically served over ice with an orange peel garnish, producing a strongly bitter, herbal drink. It is traditionally said to have been created in Florence in the early twentieth century when Count Camillo Negroni asked a bartender to strengthen his usual Americano cocktail by replacing its soda water with gin. The negroni has become one of the most widely ordered cocktails internationally in the twenty first century and has inspired numerous variations that substitute or add other spirits and liqueurs while keeping its equal-parts, bittersweet structure.

Facts
Disputed
Origin Region
France (documented origin); a popular but undocumented legend credits Florence, Italy 1
The widely repeated legend crediting Count Camillo Negroni in Florence around 1919 has no contemporary documentation; the earliest secured print attestations of the drink's 1:1:1 recipe are French cocktail books of the late 1920s. Filed as an open question.
Origin Period, From (Year)
from 1929 1
The name Negroni was not attached to the drink until the late 1940s; the earliest documented recipe matching the modern 1:1:1 ratio appears in a French cocktail book from 1929, under the name Campari Mixte.
Connections

Associated With

Campari, Drinks
Gin, Drinks

Open Questions

Sources
1. Negroni (Wikipedia)
Wikipedia
  • History subsection
    The drink's origins are not known with certainty, but the documentary evidence is consistent with it originating as a short, American-style cocktail in 1920s France
  • History, Recipe subsection
    This drink is listed in numerous American, French, and Spanish cocktail books of the 1930s and 1940s
View the Source
Open Questions (1 open question)
Was the Negroni actually invented by Count Camillo Negroni in Florence, or did it originate in 1920s France?

The popular legend credits Count Camillo Negroni in Florence, generally dated around 1919, but no contemporary documentation of that story has been found. The earliest secured print attestations of a matching 1:1:1 recipe are French cocktail books from the late 1920s, under different names (Campari Mixte, Camparinete), with the name Negroni only attached in the late 1940s.

What would resolve this A verified pre-1929 print source connecting the Negroni family or the city of Florence to this exact drink, or, alternatively, an even earlier French or Italian source confirming the drink's presence before the 1929 Alimbau and Milhorat cocktail book.
Cocktail and culinary historyNegroni (Wikipedia)
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