The use of microorganisms, yeasts, bacteria or molds, to transform a food or drink, converting sugars into alcohol, acid or gas, and in the process preserving it, changing its texture, and developing flavors the raw ingredient never had on its own. It is one of humanity's oldest and most geographically universal food technologies, underlying wine and beer among this atlas's founding drinks, and, elsewhere in world cuisine, bread leavening, cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, miso and pickled vegetables of every kind.
Facts
Origin Period, From (Year) Origin Period, To (Year) Origin RegionNo single point of origin. Independently developed by Neolithic societies across the ancient world; the earliest chemically confirmed instance is a mixed fermented beverage of rice, honey and fruit from pottery jars at Jiahu in Henan province, China. 1 Fermentation
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Expressed By
Source Acheke (Attieke) (Wikipedia)
Beer, Drinks Source On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the KitchenHarold McGee
Source Buttermilk koldskål (Wikipedia)
Source Chikwangue (Wikipedia)
Source Cold beet soup (Wikipedia)
Source On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the KitchenHarold McGee
Source Ghanaian Cuisine (Wikipedia)
Injera, Dishes Source The Oxford Companion to FoodAlan Davidson
Kefir, Drinks Kefir is a fermented milk drink made with a living bacteria and yeast culture.
Source Kefir (Wikipedia)
Source Khanom chin (Wikipedia)
Kimchi, Dishes Source On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the KitchenHarold McGee
Source The Oxford Companion to FoodAlan Davidson
Kvass, Drinks Kvass is a fermented, not distilled, grain-based beverage, directly continuous with the Fermentation tradition already covering Beer, Wine, Sake and Kimchi on this atlas.
Source Kvass (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
Source Lakerda (Wikipedia)
Lassi, Drinks Source The Oxford Companion to FoodAlan Davidson
Source Mishti doi (Wikipedia)
Source On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the KitchenHarold McGee
Source Mozambican Cuisine (Wikipedia)
Source Num banhchok (Wikipedia)
Source Ogi (food) (Wikipedia)
Showing 1 to 50 of 73 in Expressed By, page 1 of 2.
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Influenced
Also in Technology and Engineering Atlas: which this subject influenced.
Sources
1. Fermented Beverages of Pre- and Proto-historic China (PNAS)
2. The Earliest Alcoholic Beverage in the World (Penn Museum)
Opening paragraph, under heading "The Earliest Alcoholic Beverage in the World"Quote, Opening paragraph, under heading "The Earliest Alcoholic Beverage in the World"
The residues of the beverage, dated ca. 7000-6600 BCE, were recovered from early pottery from Jiahu
View the Source On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen
Harold McGee, Scribner, 2004- technique discussion: fermentation
- Expressed By: Wine
- Expressed By: Beer
- Expressed By: Coq au Vin, ch. on wine, beer and spirits
- Expressed By: Kimchi
- Expressed By: Mongolian Cuisine
The Oxford Companion to Food
Alan Davidson, Oxford University Press, 2014- Expressed By: Injera
- Expressed By: Lassi
- Expressed By: Soybean
- Expressed By: Korean Cuisine, entry: Korea
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Larousse Gastronomique
Hamlyn, 2009Expressed By: Pulque
Kvass (Encyclopaedia Britannica)
Exploring the History of Russian Cuisine (Russia Beyond)
Maxim Syrnikov, Russia Beyond, 2013Expressed By: Russian CuisineView the Source Kefir (Wikipedia)
Palm Wine (Wikipedia)
Saltibarsciai (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Saltibarsciai, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented dairy productsView the Source Idli (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Idli, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented foodsView the Source Dhokla, Wikipedia
Expressed By: Dhokla, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented foodsView the Source Kenkey (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Kenkey, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented foodsView the Source Surstromming - Wikipedia
Expressed By: Surströmming, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented fishView the Source Sauerkraut - Wikipedia
Expressed By: Sauerkraut, Wikipedia category: Category:Plant-based fermented foodsView the Source Khanom chin (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Khanom chin, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented foodsView the Source Lakerda (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Lakerda, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented fishView the Source Appam (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Appam, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented foodsView the Source Hákarl (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Hákarl, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented fishView the Source Cold beet soup (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Cold beet soup, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented dairy productsView the Source Buttermilk koldskål (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Buttermilk koldskål, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented dairy productsView the Source Ogi (food) (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Ogi (food), Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented foodsView the Source Brem (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Brem, Wikipedia category: Category:Fermented foodsView the Source Mishti doi (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Mishti Doi, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Mishti Doi, lead paragraph
Sweet curd) is a fermented sweet doi (curd) originating from the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent.
View the Source Num banhchok (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Num banhchok, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Num banhchok, lead paragraph
Num banhchok (Khmer: នំបញ្ចុក, num bânhchŏk Khmer pronunciation: [nom ɓaɲcok]) are lightly fermented Cambodian rice noodles and a breakfast noodle dish. banhchok "បញ្ចុក" translates to "to feed" in Khmer language.
View the Source Whole sour cabbage (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Whole Sour Cabbage, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Whole Sour Cabbage, lead paragraph
Whole sour cabbage is a fermented vegetable food preserve, popular in Eastern European and Balkan cuisines.
View the Source Panta bhat, Wikipedia
Expressed By: Panta Bhat, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Panta Bhat, lead paragraph
Panta bhat or poita bhat (Bengali: পান্তা ভাত pàntà bhàt; Assamese: পঁইতা ভাত poĩta bhat or পন্তা ভাত ponta bhat) consists of cooked rice soaked and fermented in water.
View the Source Chikwangue (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Chikwangue, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Chikwangue, lead paragraph
Chikwangue, also known in Cameroon as bobolo and in the Congo River basin language of Lingala as kwanga, is a starchy, fermented-cassava product that is a staple food across Central Africa: the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the Republic of Congo (RotC), Gabon, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea.
View the Source Lahpet, Wikipedia
Expressed By: Lahpet, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Lahpet, lead paragraph
Lahpet, also spelled laphek, laphet, l'phak, leppek, le'pek, or lek-pek in English (Burmese: လက်ဖက်, MLCTS: lak hpak, pronounced [ləpʰɛʔ]), is Burmese for fermented or pickled tea.
View the Source Acheke (Attieke) (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Attieke, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Attieke, lead paragraph
The dish is prepared from fermented cassava pulp that has been grated or granulated.
View the Source Sour cereal soup, Wikipedia
Expressed By: Sour Cereal Soup, lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Sour Cereal Soup, lead paragraph
Sour cereal soup is a Slavic traditional soup made with various types of cereals such as rye, wheat and oats, which are fermented to create a sourdough-like soup base and stirred into a pot of stock which may contain meat such as boiled sausage and bacon, along with other ingredients such as hard-boiled eggs, potatoes and dried mushrooms.
View the Source Ghanaian Cuisine (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Ghanaian Cuisine, Article textQuote, Expressed By: Ghanaian Cuisine, Article text
Ba mi ku or banku are balls of slightly fermented corn and cassava flour mix that are boiled in hot water.
View the Source Fufu (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Fufu, Lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Fufu, Lead paragraph
Meanwhile, in Nigeria fufu is made solely from fermented cassava, giving it its unique thickness compared to that found elsewhere.
View the Source Banku (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Banku, Lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Banku, Lead paragraph
In Ghanaian cuisine, banku and akple ( ) are staple dishes made of a slightly fermented cooked mixture of maize and cassava doughs formed into single-serving balls.
View the Source Mansaf (Wikipedia)
WikipediaExpressed By: Mansaf, Lead paragraphQuote, Expressed By: Mansaf, Lead paragraph
Mansaf (Arabic: منسف /ˈman.saf/) is a traditional Jordanian dish made of lamb, cooked in a sauce of fermented dried yogurt and served with rice or bulgur.
View the Source Uzbek Cuisine (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Uzbek Cuisine, Article textQuote, Expressed By: Uzbek Cuisine, Article text
Dairy-based options include ayran, a cold, salted yogurt drink that complements the cuisine's rich, spiced flavors, and common fermented drinks like qatiq and kumis (fermented mare’s milk), tied to pastoral traditions.
View the Source Mozambican Cuisine (Wikipedia)
Expressed By: Mozambican Cuisine, Article textQuote, Expressed By: Mozambican Cuisine, Article text
mango or lemon achar: salt-fermented fruit with piri-piri
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